History of Java

The first Java programming language born of The Green Project, which runs for 18 months, from early 1991 until the summer of 1992. The project is not using a version called Oak. The project was initiated by Patrick Naughton, Mike Sheridan, James Gosling and Bill Joy, along with nine other programmers from Sun Microsystems. One result of this project is the Duke mascot created by Joe Palrang.Pertemuan project took place in an office building on Sand Hill Road Menlo Park. Around the summer of 1992 the project was closed by generating a Java program's first Oak, which is intended as an equipment controller with touch screen technology (touch screen), as in today's PDAs. This new technology named "* 7" (Seven Star).

Star Seven days after completion, a subsidiary of cable TV plus a few interested people from the project The Green Project. They are concentrating on an office space at 100 Hamilton Avenue, Palo Alto.

The new company is getting ahead: the number of employees increased in a short time from 13 to 70 people. At this period also specified the use of the Internet as a medium that bridges work and ideas between them. In the early 1990s, the Internet is still a stub, which is used only in academic circles and the military.

They make the browser (browser) Mosaic as an initial basis to make encroachers first named Java Web Runner, inspired by 1980s film, Blade Runner. In the development of the first release, the Web Runner renamed Hot Java.

In about March 1995, for the first time the Java source code version 1.0a2 opened. Their success was followed by pemeritaan for the first time in the newspaper the San Jose Mercury News on May 23, 1995.

Unfortunately discord among them one day at 04.00 in a hotel room Sheraton Palace. Three of the main leaders of the project, Eric Schmidt and George Paolini of Sun Microsystems along with Marc Andreessen, Netscape form.

Oak name, taken from an oak tree that grows in front of the workspace window "father of Java" James Gosling. Oak name is not used for release versions of Java as a software has been registered with the trademark, so take the name of his successor to "Java".   

history of java programming

Java is a computer software technology in the world. In addition to a programming language, Java is also a platform.

Java is a technology in which these technologies include Java as a programming language that has its own syntax and programming rules, also includes Java as a platform that is where this technology has a virtual machine and libraries needed to write and run programs written in Java programming language

The origins of Java

Java was created by a team led by Patrick Naughton and James Gosling in a project of Sun Microsystems who has a Green code in order to produce a simple computer language that can run on simple equipment by not tied to a specific architecture.

James Gosling initially called programming language produced by OAK OAK itself but because it is the name of a computer programming language that already exists then later turn it into Java Sun.

Finally after going through several transformations and processes, ultimately launching a browser from Sun called Hot Java capable of running Java applets. After that Java technology adopted by Netscape that enables Java programs run on Netscape browsers since January 1996 which was followed by Internet Explorer. Because of the uniqueness and advantages, Java technology began to attract many leading vendors such as IBM, Symantec, Inprise, etc..

Sun finally released the initial version of Java is officially in early 1996 which then continues to grow until the JDK 1.1 and JDK 1.2 produces a lot of improvements that began this version of Java called Java2. The main change is the existence of which is a technology Swing GUI (Graphical User Interface) which is capable of producing an application window that is completely portable.

And in subsequent years (1998-1999) was born the J2EE technology (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) based J2SE beginning with servlets and JSP EJB then followed. Advantages of Java and a distributed network environment and the resulting Java multithreading capability to be rapidly gaining popularity in the server side.

Java technology gave birth last J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition) that has been adopted by Nokia, Siemens, SonyEricsson, Motorola, Samsung to produce good games and mobile applications software business and various other types of software that can run on mobile devices like cell phones.

     

history of Pascal

Pascal is a high-level language (high level language) whose orientation on the all-purpose, designed by Professor Niklaus Wirth from the Technical University of Zurich, Switzerland. Pascal's name is taken as a tribute to Blaise Pascal, the famous mathematician and philosopher of 17th century France.

Professor Niklaus Wirth introduced the first Pascal compiler for the CDC 6000 computer (Control Data Corporation), published in 1971 with the aim of helping to teach a computer program systematically, especially for introducing structured programming.

In a short time, Pascal has become a popular language among university students and is the language taught at several universities. Some computer professionals are also beginning to switch to the Pascal language. In fact, Pascal is the language of the most popular fast compared to languages ​​other high-level computer.Standard Pascal is the Pascal language defined by K. Jensen and Niklaus Wirth. Manifests the many different standard Pascal with what has been defined by K. Jensen and Niklaus Wirth. Standard Pascal in Europe didefinisiakn enumerated by the ISO (International Standards Organization) and in America by the cooperation between the ANSI (American National Standards Institute) and IEEE (Intitute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers).

Some versions of Pascal have been circulating in the market, including UCSD Pascal (University of California at San Diego Pascal), MS-Pascal (Microsoft Pascal), Apple Pascal, Turbo Pascal and others. Until now for micro computers and personal, Turbo Pascal is a Pascal language versions of the most popular and widely used. Turbo Pascal compiler a lot of rage, because it primarily be interactive, such as interpreters only. Also follow the definition of Turbo Pascal Pascal standard as defined by K. Jensen and Niklaus Wirth in Pascal User Manual and Report. Turbo PASCAL is the copyright of Borland Inc.. and can be used on PC-DOS operating system, MS-DOS, CPM-86 and CP/M-80. Here I use the Turbo Pascal version 7.0.

history of COBOL programs

COBOL (Common Business Oriented stands Language) is a third generation programming languages​​. As the name implies, the COBOL language has the function of solving the problems related to trade, such as financial management systems, a company expense reports and others.

History and specifications
 
    COBOL specification was created by Grace Hopper in the second half of 1959. and set on April 8, 1959 at a meeting of computer manufacturers, users, and university people at the University of Pennsylvania Computing Center. United States Department of Defense and then agreed to sponsor and oversee the following activities. The meeting was led by Charles A. Phillips was held at the Pentagon on May 28 and 29 in 1959 (exactly one year after the Zürich ALGOL 58 meeting), and it was decided to establish three committees: the short range,


medium and long term (the latter is never completely formed). Short Range Committee, chaired by Joseph Wegstein from the U.S. National Bureau of Standards, that during the months that followed created a picture of the first version of COBOL. This committee was formed to recommend a short-term approach to common business language. This committee consists of members representing six computer manufacturers and three government agencies. The six computer manufacturers were Burroughs Corporation, IBM, Minneapolis-Honeywell (Honeywell Labs), RCA, Sperry Rand, and Sylvania Electric Products. All three government agencies are the U.S. Air Force, the David Taylor 

Medium-range committee was formed but never became operational. At the end of a sub-committee of the Short Range Committee developed the specifications of the COBOL language.
Sub-committee was composed of six individuals:
* William Selden and Gertrude Tierney of IBM
* Howard Bromberg and Howard Discount RCA
* Vernon Reeves and Jean E. Sammet Sylvania Electric Products
  This subcommittee completed the specifications for COBOL in December 1959. Specifications were to a large extent inspired by the FLOW-MATIC language invented by Grace Hopper - usually referred to as the "mother of the COBOL language" - language created by IBM COMTRAN Bob Bemer, and the FACT language from Honeywell.

The decision to use the name "COBOL" was made at the committee meeting held on September 18, 1959.
The first COBOL compiler and then applied in 1960 and on 6 and 7 December essentially the same COBOL program that was run on two different makes of computers, a computer RCA and Remington-Rand Univac computer, demonstrating compatibility can be achieved.

ANS COBOL 1968
COBOL 1959 after undergoing several modifications and improvements. In an attempt to overcome the problem of incompatibility between different versions of COBOL, the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) to develop a standard form language in 1968. This version is known as the American National Standard (ANS) COBOL.

COBOL 1974
In 1974, ANSI published a revised version (ANSI) COBOL, containing a number of features that do not exist in version 1968.

COBOL 1985
In 1985, ANSI published still another revised version of the new features that are not in the standard 1974, primarily structured language construct ("terminator scope"), including the END-IF, END-PERFORM, END-READ, etc.

COBOL 2002 and object-oriented COBOL
Language continues to evolve. In early 1990 it was decided to add object-orientation in the next full revision of COBOL. Initial estimate is to have the revisions completed in 1997 and ISO CD (Committee Draft) available in 1997. Some implementers (including Micro Focus, Fujitsu, and IBM) introduces object-oriented syntax based on the concept other than 1997 or a full revision. Final approval of ISO Standards (adopted as an ANSI standard by INCITS) approved and available in 2002.

Programming languages ​​such as C + +, Java, object-oriented COBOL compilers are available even as the language moves toward standardization. Fujitsu and Micro Focus currently support object-oriented COBOL compilers targeting framework. NET. [4]

2002 (4th revision) of COBOL included many other features beyond object-orientation. These include (but are not limited to):
* National Language Support (including but not limited to support for Unicode)
* Local-based processing
* User-defined functions
* CALL (and function) prototypes (to check for compile-time parameters)
* Pointers and syntax to get and free storage
 * Calling conventions to and from non-COBOL languages ​​such as C
* Support for execution within framework environments such as Microsoft NET and. Java (including COBOL used as Enterprise JavaBeans)
* Bit and Boolean support
* "True" binary support (up to this enhancement, the items are cut based on the binary (base specification-10) in the Data Division)
* Floating-point Support
* Standard (or portable) arithmetic results
* The generation and parsing XML

History of COBOL standards

Specifications approved by the full Short Range Committee were approved by the Executive Committee on January 3, 1960, and sent to the government printing office, which edited and printed these specifications as Cobol 60.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI), which produced some of the revised standard COBOL, including:

* COBOL-68
* COBOL-74
* COBOL-85
* Intrinsic Function Changes - 1989
* Correction Changes - 1991

After the 1985 ANSI Standards Amendment (which had been adopted by ISO), the main development and ownership was taken over by ISO. The following editions and TRS (Technical Report) was published by ISO (and adopted as ANSI) Standard:

* 2002 COBOL
* Finalizer Technical Report - 2003
* Native XML syntax Technical Report - 2006
* Object-Oriented Class Library Collection - awaiting final approval
The structure of the COBOL language
The structure of the COBOL consists of four Divisions:

1. IDENTICATION DIVISION
Identification Division works to identify and document the program. Identification Division consists of headers and paragraphs header.Misalnya division: Program-ID, Author, Instalasion, Data-Written, Data-Compiled, Security, Remaks.

2. ENVIRONMENT DIVISION
Environment Division describes the physical characteristics of the input-output equipment used by the program, and processing aspects of the equipment depends on the stretcher. This division has two Section namely: Configuration Section and Input Output Section.

3. DATA Division
Data Division This division is useful to describe variables and data types used in COBOL programs, this division has 5 Section of File Section, Working-Storage Section, Section Screen, Linkage Section and Report Section.

4. PROCEDURE DIVISION
Procedure Division is at the core of the COBOL program in the division because this is all written instructions. For example: DISPLAY, ACCEPT and STOP RUN.              

history of HTML

HTML is a web programming language that is often used .. nah sites Shuah many sites that you visit most use the HTML programming language

A brief history of HTML
 
HTML was originally developed by Tim Berners-Lee while at CERN, and popularized by the Mosaic browser developed at NCSA. During the 1990's has evolved with the explosive growth of the Web. During this time, HTML has been extended in several ways. Web depends on Web page authors and vendors sharing the same conventions for HTML. This has been motivated to work together specifications for HTML.
HTML 2.0 (November 1995, see [RFC1866] [p.356]) has been developed under the aegis of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to codify common practice in late 1994. HTML + (1993) and HTML 3.0 (1995, see [HTML30] [p.355]) proposed much richer versions of HTML. Despite never receiving consensus in standards discussions, these concepts led to the adoption of various new features. The efforts of the World Wide Web Consortium's HTML Working Group to organize a common practice in 1996, generating HTML 3.2 (January 1997, see [HTML32] [p.356]). Changes from HTML 3.2 are summarized in Appendix A [p.311] 21 December 24, 1999 18:26 Introduction to HTML 4
Most people agree that HTML documents should work well in various browsers and platforms. Achieving interoperability lowers costs to content providers because they must develop only one version of the document. If this effort is not done, there is a greater risk that the Web will move into the world of proprietary software
incompatible formats, ultimately reducing the commercial potential of the Web for all participants.

Each version of HTML has attempted to reflect the consensus among industry players so that the larger investment made by content providers will not be in vain and that their documents will not become unreadable in a short time.

HTML has been developed with the vision that all manner of devices should be able to use the information on the Web: PCs with graphics display with different resolutions and color depths, cellular phones, hand held devices, devices for speech for output and input, computers with high bandwidth or low, and so on.    

History of Programming Languages ​​PHP

PHP was first created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. At that time PHP named FI (Form Interpreted). At the moment it is a collection of PHP scripts used to process the form data from the web.

 Further development is Rasmus releasing the source code and named PHP / FI, at the time of the extension of PHP / FI is a Personal Home Page / Forms Interpreter. With the release of this source code into open source, so many programmers who are interested to participate in developing PHP.

In November 1997, released PHP / FI 2.0. In this release the interpreter has been implemented in C. In this release also included the extension modules that enhance the ability of PHP / FI significantly.
In 1997, a company called Zend, the PHP interpreter to rewrite a cleaner, better and faster. Then in June 1998 the company released a new interpreter for PHP and inaugurate the release name into PHP 3.0.

In mid-1999, Zend released a new PHP interpreter and the release is known with PHP 4.0. PHP version PHP 4.0 is the most widely used. This version is widely used because this version can be used to build complex web applications, but still has a processing speed and stability.

In June 2004, Zend PHP 5.0 release. This version is the latest version of PHP. In this version, the core of the PHP interpreter experienced great changes. In this version also introduced a new object-oriented programming model to answer discuss the development of programming towards object-oriented programming.   

History and Development Delphi Programming Language

Borland Delphi is a high-level languages ​​and compiled languages ​​that support structured and Object Oriented Design (OOD). Delphi uses Pascal language, a third generation structured language. Delphi programming style offers a clean and consistent and most importantly, produce a more reliable applications.

Pascal and history

Pascal origins of design stems Algol, the first high-level languages ​​are easy to read, structured and systematically defined syntax. In the late 1960s (196x), some of the proposed evolutionary successor to Algol was developed. One of the most successful is the Pascal, invented by Prof. Niklaus Wirth. Wirth Pascal publishes original findings in 1971. Began to be implemented in 1973 with some modifications. Many features pascal derived from previous language. Statement of Case and value-result parameter derived from Algol, and record structures similar to Cobol and PL 1. Pascal adds the ability to defined a new data type is more simple than ever. Pascal also supports dynamic data structures, for example: a data structure that can grow and shrink as the program runs. The language is designed to be a learning tool for students in programming classes.

In 1975, Wirth and Jensen producing a reference book last Pascal "Pascal User Manual and Report". Wirth stopped working on Pascal in 1977 to create a new language, Modula - the successor to Pascal.

Borland Pascal

With the release of Turbo Pascal 1.0 in November 1983, Borland began his journey with the development environment and tools. To create Turbo Pascal 1.0 Borland licensed the Pascal compiler core is fast and cheap, which was written by Anders Hejlsberg. Turbo Pascal introduced an integrated development environment / Integrated Development Environment (IDE) where you can edit the code, run the compiler, see the error and jump back to the line that has an error. Compiler turbo pascal compiler has become one of the best-selling all the time, and make the language is very popular on the PC platform

In 1995 Pascal returned to introduce the application environment called Delphi - turning Pascal into a visual programming language. Strategic decision-making devices from a central database and connectivity products pascal. 


The beginning of Delphi

After the release of Turbo Pascal 1, Anders joined the company as an employee and the architect for all versions of Turbo Pascal compiler and the first three versions of Delphi. As the chief architect at Borland, Hejlsberg secretly transform into Turbo Pascal object-oriented application development language, complete with an environment that truly visual and database access features outstanding 

Why was given the name <Delphi>

As described in the article Borland Museum, a project with the codename Delphi emerged in mid-1993. Why is Delphi? Very simple: "If you want to talk to Oracle, go to Delphi". When it came time to choose the name of the product, after an article in 'Windows Tech Journal' about a product that will change the lives of programmers, last name proposed is AppBuilder. Since Novell released the Visual AppBuilder, Borland people need to take another name, but it became a kind of comedy: the harder people try to ignore the "Delphi" as the name of the product, the more the name of support. Once touted as "VB killer" Delphi remains a cornerstone product for Borland. 

History of C + +

1. History of C + +

Since 1980, the widely used C language programmers in
Previous European languages ​​B and BCPL (Basic Combined Programming
Language). During its development, the C language became the most popular language
among other languages​​, like PASCAL, BASIC, FORTRAN.

In 1989, the world of C programming experience events
important with the release of the C language standard by the American National Standards
Institute (ANSI). C language created Kerninghan & Ritchie came to be known
with the name of ANSI C.

Starting early 1990, Bjorne Stroustrup of AT & T Bell
Laboratories began to develop the language C. In 1985, was born in
The new official language of the development of C which is known by the name C + +.

C and C + +

Languages ​​C and C + + is a very popular language in the
the software world. Both languages ​​are classified into the language level
medium (middle-level language). The other hand, the academic side, a
Niklaus Wirth named professor at the Polytechnic of Zurich, Switzerland, developed the
high-level language (high level language) is called the Pascal language
Moreover, in the academic environment is more popular than Pascal language
C and C + + .
Since developed, C and C + + is widely used for
develop application programs in telecommunications, financial, or
business and operating systems. Even today, making the program-the program
for computer games (games) most are still using the language
C / C + +.
According to Bjarne Stroustrup, the reason why C is taken as
basic language of the formation of C + + language is as follows:

-Can be connected with a low level language
-Walk anywhere and for any issues
-Walking in the LINUX Operating System